Catcher In The Rye Quotes For Holden Caulfby - 1805 Words

Holden Caulfield: Timeless or Time or Meds? J. D. Salinger’s Holden Caulfield has long been hailed as the timeless American teenager, but he has also always had his detractors. One such 15-year-old boy from Long Island said that when they read Catcher in the Rye, everyone in his class hated Holden and wanted to tell him â€Å"Shut up and take your Prozac† (www.nytimes.com). How can a character be so hated so much by the teenagers who are supposed to relate to him Holden struggles with issues that transcend time -- teenagers struggle with them regardless of the current trends and world issues. But what are these issues, and how do they lead to Holden Caulfield being hated or loved with such fiery passion? Holden’s main issue is that he†¦show more content†¦Another issue that Holden struggles with is depression. While Holden does not outright say that he is depressed, he still exhibits many of the signs. The most obvious sign, of course, is his suicidal thoughts. According to Mental Health America, between 30% and 70% of suicide victims suffer from depression. Since suicidal thoughts are a precursor to actual suicide, there is a clear correlation between the two. Multiple times throughout the novel he talks about killing himself, such as after Stradlaters date with Jane. As he lay in Ackley’s roommates bed, he thought about Stradlater and Jane in the back of Ed Bankys car, and â€Å"felt like jumping out the window† because of it (Salinger 63). Again, Holden â€Å"felt like jumping out the window† after getting beat up by Maurice, and said that he would have done it if he knew someone would cover up his body afterwards because he â€Å"did not wa nt a bunch of stupid rubbernecks looking at [him] while he was all gory† (Salinger 136). The only thing that stopped him from killing himself was his pride -- that is how close he was. Over and over again (even more times than were mentioned earlier) Holden talks about killing himself. These constant suicidal thoughts are not a sign of good mental health --they are a sign that he is depressed. Another sign of Holden’s depression is his constant reckless behavior, which, according to a website called Help Guide, is another common symptom of depression. Just the

Oedipus the King an Aristotle’s Tragedy Essay - 633 Words

Oedipus The King The Greek drama Oedipus is clearly a Aristotle’s tragedy. It definitely meets the five main criteria for a tragedy: a tragic hero of noble birth, a tragic flaw, a hero‘s downfall, a moment of remorse, and a catharsis. Aristotle in his Poetics defines Oedipus as being a definite example of the form and purpose of Aristotelian tragedy. In tragedies the Greeks dramatized climactic events in the lives of heroes, and Oedipus story is no different. By using many different literary devices it brings moral dilemmas of action and motive to the public stage. The action is set out over the timeframe of one day, which will according to the prophet Tiresias will bring Oedipus birth and death. Oedipus clearly meets the first of†¦show more content†¦In one of the passages of Oedipus speaking with Jocasta, just about everything is spelled out for us. Jocasta speaks of Laius leaving the castle with just a few servants and him being killed where three roads met. Oedipus claims t hat he killed somebody where three roads met, who had a few servants with him; indicating that he was the killer of his father. He goes on to make absolutely sure, even though it is obvious that he was Laiuss killer. The moment of remorse comes at the end of the story, when one of the servants who had accompanied Laius on his final journey came to speak to Oedipus. He was the only one who survived the attack, and told that contrary to rumor, Laius was killed by one man, not robbers. He then pointed out this one man, Oedipus. We are told soon after that Jocasta hung herself upon hearing this. When this news reaches Oedipus, he takes the pins from her dress and stabs his eyes out. The catharsis, or emotional release of the audience, comes at the same time as the remorse. The audience suddenly feels sorry for this poor man who has unknowingly killed his father and married his mother, for the people of this land who have been suffering from an awful curse because of it, and for the unfo rtunate Jocasta, who was basically an innocent bystander in the whole confusing disaster. Despite constant denial of his fate he cannot deny the work of theShow MoreRelatedOedipus And Aristotle s Definition Of A Tragic Hero1466 Words   |  6 Pageshow Sophocles’ Oedipus exemplifies or refutes Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero. Thesis Statement: Oedipus is the personification of Aristotle’s characterization of a tragic hero through his ability to maintain and keep his virtue and wisdom, despite his shortcomings and situation in life. Introduction I. Tragic Hero A. Definition of a tragic hero B. Oedipus’ Character II. Tragedy A. Language of Tragedy B. Tragedy and its affects on audience III. Plot A. Aristotle’s idea of a tragicRead MoreOedipus As A Tragic Hero1094 Words   |  5 PagesIn the play Oedipus the King, Oedipus struggles to accept the truth and lets his temper over power him. He can be displayed as a tragic hero. His refusal to accept the truth led to Oedipus’ down fall. A tragic hero, as defined by Aristotle, â€Å"is a literary character who makes a judgment error that inevitably leads to his/her own destruction.† Sophocles’ Oedipus exemplifies Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero. In the play, Oedipus unknowingly has cursed the entire town of Thebes. He was cursedRead MoreOedipus : The King Of Thebes And Tragic Hero Essay728 Words   |  3 PagesOedipus: The King of Thebes and Tragic Hero Ancient Greek Literature encompasses an assortment of poetry and drama to include the great masterpieces of tragedy. In Classic Literature, tragedies were commonly known for their elaboration of a protagonist fitting the classification of a tragic hero. This type of a tragic hero often collectively described as a character of noble birth, facing an adversity of some nature and a fate of great suffering. The characteristics of what encompassed a tragic heroRead MoreA Survey of Tragedy984 Words   |  4 PagesA Survey of Tragedy A modern tragedy of today and a tragedy of ancient Greece are two very different concepts, but ironically, both are linked by many similarities. In â€Å"Poetics†, Aristotle defines and outlines tragedy for theatre in a way that displays his genius, but raises questions and creates controversy. Aristotle’s famous definition of tragedy states: â€Å"A tragedy is the imitation of an action that is serious, and also as having magnitude, complete in itself in language with pleasurable accessoriesRead MoreOpedipus, a tragic hero Essay example1708 Words   |  7 PagesOutline Thesis Statement: Oedipus is the embodiment of Aristotle’s characterization of a tragic hero through his ability to preserve his virtue and wisdom, despite his flaws and predicament. Introduction I. Sophocles’ Oedipus: A Tragic Hero A. Definition of a tragic hero B. Oedipus Character as it relates II. Tragedy A. Language of Tragedy B. Tragedy as it affects the audience III. Plot A. Aristotle’s idea of a tragic plot B. Significance of the plot IV. Virtue and Morality Read MoreOedipus the King: A Greek Tragic Hero Essay516 Words   |  3 Pagesrenowned and prosperous.† Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero is clearly shown by the main character in the Greek tragedy Oedipus the King by Sophocles. Oedipus, the protagonist in this Greek tragedy, is exemplary of Aristotle’s idea of a â€Å"tragic hero.† In Oedipus the King, Oedipus, the main character is a great man who saves the city of Thebes from the plague of the Sphinx by answering an extremely difficult riddle. Everything is going for him. He becomes the king and marries the widowed QueenRead MoreOedipus the King a Tragic Hero936 Words   |  4 PagesSophocles tragedy Oedipus the King, King Oedipus swears to solve the murder of former King Laios in order to free the city from the plague. The plague taunts the city destroying crops and livestock and making the women unable to bear children. A seer, Teirsias tells Oedipus that he himself is Thebes’s pollution for killing his father and marrying his mother. Oedipus ignores his words and is blind to the truth until he discovers that it is he who corrupts the city. In order to illustrate Oedipus as theRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Oedipus The King987 Words   |  4 PagesWhile exemplifying the high estate, noble character, and flawed nature of Aristotle’s tragic hero, Oedipus fails to have a personal mistake become his undoing, hence denying him the status of Aristotle’s tragic hero. A key criteria of Aristotle’s tragic hero is that he or she comes from high estate, such as a royal family. Aristotle’s definition of the tragic hero is well thought out in this manner. High status is important as it gives the character a long way to fall (Kennedy Gioia, 2013). ThisRead MoreOedipus Rex and Aristotle Essay example894 Words   |  4 PagesThe Six Elements of a Tragedy in â€Å"Oedipus Rex† Aristotle’s â€Å"The Poetics† describes the process of a tragedy. It is not the guide per se of writing a tragedy but is the idea’s Aristotle collected while studying tragedies. A tragedy, according to Aristotle, consists of six major points. The first and most important is the plot, which is what all the other points are based on. Such points are: character, language, thought, melody, and spectacle (Aristotle). A prime example of the usage of theseRead MoreEssay on Oedipus the King: A Classic Tragedy1003 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus the King, a Classic Tragedy Aristotle, in his work The Poetics, tries to delineate the idea of a tragedy. Throughout his work Aristotle says that the hero, or at least the protagonist in a tragedy must be substantially good, almost godlike. This hero must bring upon themselves their downfall, due to their fatal flaw. If the hero is not at a high point, an audience will not care about them, and won’t notice their fall. One must fall a long way in social class in order for it to be noticed

Dissertation Topics in Psychology (2018) Free Essays

1. Introduction to Psychology Dissertations This guide gives you some ideas for dissertation titles. Psychology covers many areas, so there should be plenty to whet your appetite here. We will write a custom essay sample on Dissertation Topics in Psychology (2018) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Psychology dissertations typically take one of two forms, focusing either upon collecting and analyzing primary data or upon appraising secondary data only. Either type can be appropriate to your area of study. You will also find an overview of how to structure your dissertation in section three below. 2. Categories and List of Dissertation Titles 2.1 Developmental and Educational Psychology 2.1.1Are children’s eating behaviours and attitudes towards food affected by parents with eating disordersA quantitative study. 2.1.2Stranger danger Children’s internalizations of ‘the other’: a qualitative study. 2.1.3Father figures and perceptions of masculine authority in the pre-adolescent children of single mothers: a qualitative study. 2.1.4 To what extent is Vygotsky’s theories of child development a product of his cultural background, and do they have application to our post-capitalist societyA critical analysis of the literature. 2.1.5 Can attachment theory be used to explain the development of a subjective self in the child A literature review. 2.1.6 Does identifying children’s learning styles help improve outcomes: a quantitative study of primary school children. 2.1.7 Can the concept of reflective practice be used to help children learn in UK schools: a qualitative study. 2.1.8 What measures can be taken to help children suffering from anxiety disorders perform better in tests: a review of the literature. 2.2 Mental Health and Abnormal Psychology 2.2.1 To what extent does conflict over food in childhood impact on problematic attitudes to eating in adolescenceA qualitative study amongst anorexia sufferers. 2.2.2 The extent to which perceptions of social stigma impact upon sufferer’s coping strategies: a quantitative study. 2.2.3 The impact of diet on depression: can a ‘Mediterranean’ diet reduce symptoms in those prone to depressionA literature review. 2.2.4 To what extent are people with learning difficulties less or more likely to suffer from phobiasA review of the literature. 2.2.5 Can yoga and meditation be effective treatment options for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled study amongst OCD patients. 2.2.6 Does personality type impact upon patient outcomes for hospitalization for mental disorders A quantitative study in a large UK hospital. 2.2.7 Is there a link between self-harm in adolescent females and use of social networking sitesA qualitative study amongst British teenage girls. 2.2.8 What is the relationship between children’s home routines and treatment for ADHDA study of the literature. 2.3 Social Psychology 2.3.1 Conceptual models of riots and civil unrest: a critical analysis of the recent riots in the UK. 2.3.2 What is the relationship between narcissism and the use of social media such as facebookA quantitative study amongst UK students. 2.3.3 Mad, bad or dangerousAssessing changing social attitudes to mental illness through a study of magazine and TV advertising. 2.3.4 What do reactions to work uniforms reveal about attitudes to authority and control: a qualitative study amongst UK supermarket, bank and council workers. 2.3.5 Gender, marketing and internet presence: a critical analysis of images of women in corporate website branding. 2.3.6 Private, public and liminal spaces: what are car driver’s perceptions of other road usersA qualitative investigation amongst regular drivers. 2.3.7 Gendered nights: the range of gendered behaviours in fetish clubs and bars. An ethnographic investigation carried out in London, Swansea and Manchester. 2.3.8 Can music be used to reduce low-level criminal behaviour in public placesA quantitative study of an urban bus station. 2.4 Counselling and Therapy 2.4.1 Counselling and power: to what extent does the counselor/client relationship demonstrate an unequal balance of power A literature review. 2.4.2 Does Freudian psychoanalysis have any place in the current UK health serviceA qualitative study amongst healthcare professionals. 2.4.3 Does length of treatment affect outcome for patients undergoing cognitive behavioural therapyA quantitative study of adults. 2.4.4 Can ideas about ecology contribute to therapy and counsellingA review of the literature. 2.4.5. Projective testing: an outmoded technique in current counselling and therapy practiceA critical overview of the UK situation. 2.4.6 How effective are cognitive behavioural therapy self-help techniques when used with children under 13 A quantitative study of pre-adolescent children. 2.4.7 To what extent can computer-aided cognitive behavioural therapy be a substitute for CBT with a trained therapist A qualitative study amongst UK CBT therapists and practitioners. 2.4.8 Is there a role for the unconscious in life coaching, and if so which theoretical models are most appropriate A review of the literature. 2.5 Consumer and Industrial Psychology 2.5.1 Fashion Tribes: can Cova’s concept of tribal marketing be used to analyse the brand image of high street fashion retailers. A case study of five UK brands. 2.5.2 Colour and shopper motivation: a quantitative study of the impact of colour in own-brand packaging by leading UK supermarkets. 2.5.3 Hierarchy, authority and the workplace: a comparison of attitudes to authority between a rigidly hierarchical UK workplace and one with an egalitarian structure. 2.5.4 Diesel dyke or lipstick lesbianChanging images of gay women in advertising and the media: a literature review. 2.5.5 To what extent can Hofstede’s concept of cultural dimensions be useful in understanding international branding: a comparative study of 3 global organizations. 2.5.6 Can ideas from counseling and psychotherapy be used to enhance the corporate annual review for employees A primary study carried out in a leading UK financial services provider. 2.5.7 Burnout amongst executive staff: what are the main predictorsA review of literature from the UK and Europe. 2.5.8Industrial psychology and interior design: How have ideas about workforce motivation and reward affected the look of the office or factoryA critical and historical review. 3. How to Structure a Psychology Dissertation, Tips For details on how to structure a marketing dissertation, kindly check out the following post: How to Structure a dissertation (chapters) How to structure a dissertation (chapters and subchapters) How to structure a dissertation research proposal How to cite Dissertation Topics in Psychology (2018), Essays

My Ideal Career free essay sample

Barbara Coleman CJ100: Eight Skills Section03 My ideal career would be nursing. Since, I was a little girl that was always my dream. There are many people who think nursing is a job that is tiresome and does not pay well. Probably a couple years ago, this was the case. Things seemed to have changed now for the better. There are so many specialty hospitals opening up in cities today that there are more nurses required. What is more interesting is the fact that hospitals are on the lookout for nurses who have specialized training and skills. For instance, an orthopedic hospital would look for a nurse who has been trained in trauma care in addition to orthopedic care. There are so very few nurses who look at nursing as a vocation. It is just another job that needs to be well paid. If you think nurses should continue to play the part of Florence Nightingale, it is a little too much to expect in this day and age. We will write a custom essay sample on My Ideal Career or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For a very long time, nursing has been associated with the female sex. There are many who believe that need to be relegated to women. This might sound like a sexist attitude; but unfortunately, it is a common one today. Most nurses are given general nursing training before they are posted in a clinic or hospital. Very often, this is not enough at all. Nurses keep learning on the job with patients. Finding a job is not the same as finding a career. A career is a broad field in which I would like to work in; unlike a job which is just a task that I am getting paid for. In order to find a career that I absolutely love I have to think of myself, not my family and/or friends. The most important choice that I have to decide in order for me to be happy with my life and also be successful is to think about myself and my decision. I just have to know my decision. I just have to know my decision will affect the people around me. I believe that I will thoroughly consider what makes me happy. Treasure attributes that I would apply to make my choice are wealth, respect, and caring for others and my interests. Nursing is my true passion and a career that I could obtain hear at Kaplan University is critical for success in this career. I just need the opportunity to prove my abilities to be an amazing nurse. The reason why I chose Criminal Justice is that I had some temporary complications getting in the nursing field but, Criminal Justice I believe is a great field to work. It gives you a chance to make a difference in the communities. I also love to investigate situations and look for evidence. I found out that that was something else that I was good at. My husband says that I love to investigate so I said maybe this is something that I could do. My advisor also informed me that even though I couldn’t do the nursing to still consider something else that I would love to do. I would definitely want to work out in the field investigating homicides. I find it interesting although, I do watch a lot of First 48 and Forensic Files. I feel that having a college education will open more opportunities in the future for me because, now it’s much more difficult to get a job without a college education. I definitely don’t want to be working at Burger King or McDonalds for the rest of my life. I see a lot of elder women and men working so hard on these minimum wage jobs but, never reaching the top. I told myself that I would not be like that that I would make something of myself for me and my family. So I say whatever you want to be in life go for it, with the right positive influence in your life and the motivation you can do anything! Barbara Coleman

Music and Influence free essay sample

Popular music is very powerful because of the notoriety of the artist and how he or she is seen s a role model, can a negative message in music play as entertainment or does music diminish their conscience and cause them to involve themselves on senseless acts of violence and debauchery. Even in children music poses as a building block in their mental development, as they reach adolescents it begins to form media exposure and identities. Although most of popular music is considered violent and sexual it is till a major part of teenage development. Demo (1981) connects teenagers expose to popular music as an outlet to the media. While listening to music is also a major part of the way they live. Teens listen to music while, doing homework, driving, and even as substitute for television. The Press today sees music lyrics as ways of provoking people into doing things they arent supposed to. We will write a custom essay sample on Music and Influence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hip hop or rap music is the most popular music to the urban and black youth in our present time. Rappers serve as role models who were in the same position as the audience they are speaking to; teens in ghettos around America see them as examples of how you can make it positive and become wealthy.However, Rap can be very explicit music with fowl language, murder and objectifying women. One example is in the lyrics of the song The Heat y IL Wayne Dressed in all black and my gun the same color , Murder my enemy love thy broths, and I anti never gave a SSH*t about a *Hit him up and watch the guts come up out a young stomach. There is a high level of violence in a lot of songs. Is this making money off of sex, money, and murder or just an accurate image of life in the ghetto and survival?Not all rap music promotes homicidal thoughts; there is also a club form of hip-hop promoting dancing and having fun. Many Rap lyrics seem to focus on violence, drugs and women, however even early country music trends focus on barroom fights, gay beatings, and general violence. There are many things that come to mind when thinking about the words rock in roll. There is vintage Elvis Priestley or the more recent punk rock with moms pits and all black clothes. Rock music serves as outlet for the many of the Caucasian youth in suburbs around America almost as rap does to urban areas.Many forms of rock advocates murder, sex, drugs, satanic references and can be linked many suicides. This can lead a lost teen to go even more astray. In rock they speak about anarchy and rebellion and this message was taken too literal by depressed and angry students whom one day shot up their school in Colorado. This incident became a nationwide tragedy and went down in history. The incident happened in columbine high school when a couple of students were tired of being bullied and took it into their own hands with senseless violence.A brief example of a song listened by the students by COMFY called Anarchy I made a god out of blood not superiority, killed the king of deceit weak me up in anarchy[l born of revenge, raised on cement chaos created government. Marilyn Manson, a well known rock n roll artist was took heat for the incident as people needed a person to point the finger at because of his music. Hate can also take the form of music with neo-Nazi rock bands that make songs about their terrible beliefs and the slaughter of other races. One example is the group Landler.The band was kicked out of Germany for trying to start another Nazi sweep and bring back the Aryan nation. Another form of hate is against homosexuals, like in the many of the songs of Mine for example Criminal My words are like a dagger with a jagged edge thatll stab you in the head whether youre a bag or leg Or the homes, Herman or a trans-a-vest Pants or dress hate fags? The answers yes. This is an obvious act of hatred award homosexuals, which is shared by many people in our country and spoken through the word of mine.It is bad that he puts hate like that in his music however there are many people who share his feelings and would feel the same even if mine never started rapping. Music is a big part of self expression to teens today, many even dressing to match the style or genre they listen to. Many teens even find popular brands being mentioned in popular songs. By being able to uses lyric in their own lives, teens are beginning to think for themselves and create a mental picture of their lives.Some students even said, Music makes me happy when am sad, Complying that music is their personal therapy, thus showing more independence (Demo, 3). Popular music can also be a positive outlet and teach the youth to get an education and work hard to be whatever their dreams are. Although rap does have a lot of violence it also can influence a teen to work hard to become a rapper or something else in the music business, maybe even own their own label and become a CEO of their own company. Music and Influence free essay sample The Introduction of Rap Music into the 21st Century has become influential In a global society for the following reasons: The way women are portrayed In rap videos, drug use glorified by rappers and the Blind-Blind era. Rap music can be heard playing In all countries. Over time, rap music has developed a lot of controversy In many ways. I. E. How women are degraded In the lyrics and how drugs and Diamonds or Blind-Belong plays a large part In how rappers are portrayed. The way women are portrayed in rap videos is especially degrading. They make them up to look like prostitutes and gold diggers.Rappers portray themselves as having a lot of money and being able to have any women that they want. Women in rap videos are shown barely clothed I. E. Thongs, short-shorts, bras, etc. Drugs use is glorified by rappers when they talk about it in their lyrics as if it is okay. We will write a custom essay sample on Music and Influence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Snoop Dog, a well known rapper, constantly talks about smoking marijuana or weed in almost all of his music. Some rappers lyrics lead teens to believe that drug use is okay. You can consistently hear in our news reports today of rappers being caught with drugs I. E. Marijuana and cocaine and being incarcerated.Rappers are notorious for their Diamond Grills, diamond necklaces and flashy clothes. They also spend millions on their cars and wheels. Blind-sling originated from the song Blind Blind which was created by the New Orleans Rapper B. G. On his 1998 album, Chopper City, which basically talked about how they lived their flashy lives as hip hop artist. Overall, rap music influences the way we talk, the way we dress, they way we look and the type of Jewelry we purchase. It negatively portrays our women as prostitutes and has a terrible Influence on our young teens. It also promotes drug use among our young people. Music and Influence free essay sample Music is one of the most popular forms of entertainment in the world. It is something every age group can enjoy. Music is very influential to teenagers In our new millennium, yet many of the new and most popular forms of music advocate violence degrade women, others even promote sadism. With tens new need for music poses the question of how does popular music affect their well-beings. Columbine Is the most popular example of when a negative message In music can backfire and innocent lives were lost.Popular music is very powerful because of the toothier of the artist and how he or she is seen as a role model, can a negative message in music play as entertainment or does music diminish their conscience and cause them to involve themselves on senseless acts of violence and debauchery. Even in children music poses as a building block in their mental development, as they reach adolescents it begins to form media exposure and identities. We will write a custom essay sample on Music and Influence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although most of popular music Is considered violent and sexual It Is till a major part of teenage development. Demo (1981) connects teenagers expose to popular music as an outlet to the media. While listening to music Is also a major part of the way they live. Teens listen to music while, doing homework, driving, and even as substitute for television. The Press today sees music lyrics as ways of provoking people Into doing things they arent supposed to. Hip hop or rap music is the most popular music to the urban and black youth in our present time.Rappers serve as role models who were in the same position as the audience they are speaking to; teens in ghettos around America see them as examples of how you can make it positive and become wealthy. However, Rap can be very explicit music with fowl language, murder and objectifying women. One example is in the lyrics of the song The Heat by Ill Wayne Dressed in all black and my gun the same color ,Murder my enemy love thy broths, and I anti never gave a SSH*t about a mother**re . Hit him up and watch the guts come up out a young stomach. There Is a high level of violence in a lot of songs. Is this making money off of sex, money, and murder or Just an accurate Image of life In the ghetto and survival? Not all rap music promotes homicidal thoughts; there Is also a club form of hip-hop promoting dancing and having fun. Many Rap lyrics seem to Ochs on violence, drugs and women, however even early country music trends focus on barroom fights, gay beatings, and general violence. There are many things that come to mind when thinking about the words rock n roll.There is vintage Elvis Priestley or the more recent punk rock with moss pits and all black clothes. Rock music serves as outlet for the many of the Caucasian youth in suburbs around America almost as rap does to urban areas. Many forms of rock advocates murder, sex, drugs, satanic references and can be linked many suicides. This can lead a lost teen to go even more astray. In rock they speak about anarchy and rebellion and this message was taken too literal by depressed and angry students whom one day shot up their school In Colorado.This Incident became a nationwide tragedy and went down In history. The Incident happened In columbine high school when a couple of students were tired of being bullied and took it into their own hands with senseless Anarchy l made a god out of blood not superiority, I killed the king of deceit weak me up in anarchy born of revenge, raised on cement chaos created government. Marilyn Manson, a well known rock n roll artist was took heat for the incident as people needed a person to point the finger at because of his music. Hate can also take the form of music with neo-Nazi rock bands that make songs about their terrible beliefs and the slaughter of other races. One example is the group Landler. The band was kicked out of Germany for trying to start another Nazi sweep and bring back the Aryan nation. Another form of hate is against homosexuals, like in the many of the songs of Mine for example Criminal My words are like a dagger with a jagged edge thatll stab you in the head whether youre a fog or leg Or the homes, Herman or a trans-a-vest Pants or dress hate fags?The answers yes. This is an obvious act of hatred toward homosexuals, which is shared by many people in our country and spoken through the word of mine. It is bad that he puts hate like that in his music however there are many people who share his feelings and would feel the same even if mine never started rapping. Music is a big part of self expression to teens today, many even dressing to match the style or genre they listen to. Many teens even find popular brands being mentioned in popular songs.By being able to uses lyric in their own lives, teens are beginning to think for themselves and create a mental picture of their lives. Some students even said, Music makes me happy when I am sad, Dimpling that music is their personal therapy, thus showing more independence (Demo, 3). Popular music can also be a positive outlet and teach the youth to get an education and work hard to be whatever their dreams are. Although rap does have a lot of violence it also can influence a teen to work hard to become a rapper or something else in the music business, maybe even own their own label and become a CEO of their own company.One very positive message is in the song Self- Destruction made by a group of rappers who came together to do positive Well, todays topic, self destruction It really anti the rap audience thats bugging Its one or two sucks, ignorant brothers Trying to rob and steal from one another You get caught i n the middle to crush the stereotype heres what we did We got ourselves together so that you could unite and fight for whats right Not negative cause the way we live is positive We dont kill our relatives. Rap and hip-hop music is like using words to portray a real image of how life is for many. There are many different types of influences in the genres of music. Rap music can be terrible at times, yet it is my favorite form of music because it shines a light on life in the ghetto and survival I believe rap and rock can convey a negative image or message but it is up to parents, teachers and those who are role models to convey that it is Just entertainment and not to be too literal, and show the youth a positive message by living life positive.

One of the primary structural elements Essays

One of the primary structural elements Essays One of the primary structural elements Essay One of the primary structural elements Essay One of the primary structural elements of groups is the fact that members tend to play specific roles in group interaction. A role can be defined as the typical behaviours that characterize a person in a social context (R.Baron and J.Greenberg 1990). An understanding of roles can help to determine why group members will show a consistent preference for certain behaviours and not for others. As a group deals with its problems, individuals begin to behave in certain ways taking on different roles within the group. Some may contribute to the welfare and progress; others may add little or nothing to its success. Meredith Belbin developed a useful framework for understanding roles within a group or team.He produced a self-report questionnaire and distinguished nine team roles which people with certain characteristics will fit, limiting the likelihood that they will be successful in other roles. Belbins team-role theory is extensively used as a counselling and team development tool by organisations and management consultancies in the UK as stated in The Journal of Management Development. The study tested Belbins proposal that teams in which a wide range of team-roles are represented perform better than those when there is an imbalance of roles as certain roles are over-presented. Results showed that a mixed group consisting of one co-ordinator, one plant, a completer finisher and a team worker performed better than teams consisting of shapers alone.On the other hand, Belbins team-role theory is not without its critics. The Journal of Management development states that most teams have no set roles and that every member often takes the roles of others. Conflict is also an issue that needs to be considered as it can have dramatic effects on group behaviour. Due to the different roles that members play within groups, conflict can arise under certain conditions and can cause frustration and added pressure upon certain members. Conflict can be positive as constructive disagreements between members can lead to better group outcomes. However, conflict can also be destructive and dysfunctional.Group norms are acceptable standards of behaviour within a group that are shared by the groups members (Stephen.P.Robbins, 2001). Each group will establish its own set of norms. For example, group norms may determine who to communicate with, how hard to work etc. When agreed to and accepted by the group, norms act as a means of influencing the behaviour of group members, thus need to be taken into account when finding out why groups behave in a certain way.Today, groups make many of the decisions in organisations. An advantage to this is a greater amount of information and experience can be gathered than an individual alone can gather. However there are many disadvantages. Working in groups may lead to certain members thinking they can free ride and not contribute to decisions. Traits such as shyness can affect certain people from offering opinions, as can loud, dominant people, leading to a lack of group action.One of the major problems facing organisations today is groupthink, a process discovered by Irving Lester Janis (1941). This is when group members develop a strong spirit and become so concerned with not disrupting the like-mindedness of the group, they are reluctant to challenge the groups decisions. This process that occurs can be damaging to organisations. The International Journal of Corporate Communications states two cases of possible groupthink at British Airways and Marks Spencer causing blocked management communications and leading to the fall in reputation and stock market valuation of these two companies.In conclusion, all of the above factors are what I would consider when assessing the behaviour of groups within a commercial or industrial setting. Managers should note that groups existing within their organisation, whether formal or informal, can be utilised at all levels, despite downfalls that can occur such as conflict, stress etc. However, it is the consideration of these behaviour changing elements and the balancing of the positive and negative factors that can produce a great team in the long run, thus enabling them to be more productive within the work place.List of ReferencesA.Huczynski and D.Buchanan, 2001, Organisational Behaviour An Introductory Text, 4th Ed, UK, Prentice Hall R A Baron and J Greenberg, 1990, Behaviour in Organisations: Understanding and Managing the human side of work, 3rd Ed, USA S P Robbins, 2000, Essentials of Organisational Behaviour, 6th Ed, UK, Prentice Hall

HCM611-0803A-01 Managing the Health Care Organization - Phase 2 Group Essay

HCM611-0803A-01 Managing the Health Care Organization - Phase 2 Group Project - Essay Example In the healthcare division, this type of result is unacceptable. Employee morale and motivation is very important as it is directly related to their performance and good communication and problem solving is the key to achieve that. (Managing Healthcare: Pros and Cons, n.d) The manner, in which things were being managed in the past at the Regency Healthcare Group, was a perfect example of how management practices are not supposed to be. The assessment performed revealed that staff members were generally unhappy about how things were being dealt with in the past. It is extremely important for higher level managers to avoid being condescending towards their subordinates. An aggressive communication style will only worsen the staff members’ attitude towards the manager, in this case, the Surgery Director, and result in demoralization. Performance is greatly affected by such behavior and even if subordinates do perform under fear and pressure, the staff and the customers, in this case the patients will be going away with an unpleasant experience (Managing Healthcare: Pros and Cons, n.d). This makes the staff and patients reluctant about any future participation and involvement with the manager. No problems are solved through force. It is important t o take a logical and organized approach towards solving a problem so that instead of making things worse, a solution can be achieved and everyone involved in the process leaves with a learning experience. A more detailed analysis needs to be made on how the managerial approach of the predecessor was unsuitable and what problems it caused. Also, alternative managerial techniques need to be looked in to so that staff efficiency, employee morale and the quality of care can be improved. (Thomson, n.d) Staff efficiency is one of the vital aspects in a healthcare organization. An efficient staff means that patients will be dealt with efficiency, promptly and effectively. An

Identify IDEA disability categories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Identify IDEA disability categories - Essay Example Lack of morale to focus on a task is evidence of an inactive person. It would be that he is frustrated because of his culture shock and he finds it hard to interact with the other students who would probably help him to boost his academic performance (Federal Special Education, 2004). It is more than a process of absorption of facts but continuously developing as thinking, feeling and changing intercultural beings. Tomas however has not broken away from his culture in order to interact with the other students freely and learn from them. Harper has emotional disturbance. One of the characteristics of emotional disturbance is that the affected child exhibits inappropriate types of behavior in normal circumstances. This is perfectly true for Harper who gets quickly bored by his fellow peers who are not as smart as him. He also he also hates loud noises in school and yet all children of his age tend to love loud noises. Harper also struggles with a substitute teacher. This should not be the case as teachers are bound to be substituted in a school. It can be argued that Tomas suffers from an intellectual disability and emotional disturbance. This is due to the fact that he is often frustrated as he cannot match up with his peers’ intellectual capacity. This has led him to take impulsive actions which are a characteristic of emotional disturbance. It can be said that Austin is suffering from traumatic brain injury. This can be clearly evidenced from the fact that he had serious head injuries after the accident. This has led to him taking a longer time to do things and he has trouble remembering. He also has difficulty in doing Math which he highly performed in before the accident. This is definitely a characteristic of traumatic brain injury whereby the affected child has difficulties in problem-solving that eventually affects his educational performance (Danaher & Shackelford, 2001). The

History of the American Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History of the American Economy - Essay Example They used to grow tobacco, potato, tomato, and cotton when Europe and the rest of the world had not even heard about their names. Colonists, however, did not come in search of these newfound ‘treasures’. They came in the search of gold and silver. Spain became the major colonizer of the Americas, starting from 1550s. French followed suit and established their bases in the present day Canada and Mississippi river delta. England, however, did not come in the initial stages of colonization. They came in the mid-seventeenth century and established a trading post at Jamestown, Virginia. Spanish, however, again took lead in colonizing the resources-rich South America with dozens of gold and silver mines. England, with grave poverty issues back home, decided to colonize present day United States and benefit from its resources and labor (both slave and Native Indians). The colonization resulted in an economic upheaval. The true roots of the American economy lie in the same period. Initially, British settlers concentrated on fur trade and trappings. The King, however, soon granted the permission to establish â€Å"charter companies† in the United States. These companies had to find private financiers for their growth but had the royal authority to colonize land and further British goals. Thus began the advent of â€Å"Mercantilism.† Mercantilism, in its true sense, acted as the basic source of colonization. The initial trade revolved on importing clothing materials and exporting tobacco, rice, and tomato, among other agricultural production. The economic depression in the Untied Kingdom and relative prosperity in the colonial United States encouraged the settlers to start exploring further avenues of economy. Apart from the agricultural produce, which they had established to some degree, shipbuilding became a major profession, especially in the New England region. The New World was rich in

Business Continuity Policy Statement

Business Continuity Policy Statement Purpose The main purpose of the business continuity policy is to prepare SanGrafix for any kind of threat. Business continuity policy is just another term for backup. Running a company without backup is not a smart move in business industry. Our business continuity plan should contain a comprehensive roadmap to restore any information during any disaster. Copies of the plan should be sent out to all important personals so that the services are never threatened, and it should present complete analysis of all the possible threats to the company. Company should response to the threat because of both type of threat and extent of the threat. All SanGrafix sites and online storages are expected to implement preventive measures to minimize network failure (Shinder, 2017). Scope The scope of this plan is limited to manage both locations of SanGrafix in the best possible way and to provide the best service and most reliable form to all customers. Plan Objectives Will provide a guide for the SanGrafix recovery teams. Provides procedures and resources needed to assist in recovery. This will identify customers that must be notified in the event of a disaster. This assists in avoiding confusion experienced during a crisis by documenting, testing and reviewing recovery procedures and maintain a sound connection between both the locations This will identify alternatives for supplies, resources. Assumptions Each support organization is liable to have its own different and unique plan for recovery procedures and critical resource information. Disaster definition Any kind of loss in utility service such as water and power, connectivity between the systems of SanGrafix, or any kind of natural disaster that causes an interruption in the service, provided by SanGrafix operations. Recovery teams Emergency Management Team (EMT) Location Response Coordinator (LRC) Technical Services Engineering (TSE) Team member responsibilities All the members should keep an updated contact list of all the concerned staff members   Ã‚   All team members should read this file at least once so they know the contents of this file Data backup policy Full backups system should be available for the files and software that are irreplaceable or have a high replacement cost. Backup material should be stored in a secure and a completely separate location from both the locations of SanGrafix. Following is the basic key for its data backup and archiving: Files retention policy Backup material should be stored in a secure and a completely separate location from both the locations of SanGrafix. Billing files Tapes greater than four years old are destroyed every year months. Tapes less than three years old must be stored locally offsite. System software files A copy of the most current updates files must be every week. Offsite backup is also necessary. Procedures for emergency management The following procedures are to be followed by system operations personnel and other designated personnel in the event of an emergency. Where uncertainty exists, the more reactive action should be followed to provide maximum protection and personnel safety. In the event of any situation where access to a building housing a system is denied, personnel should report to alternate locations.   Primary and secondary locations are listed below. Alternate locations Workplace: San Francisco Try to contact your immediate supervisor or management Workplace: Sunnyvale   Try to contact your immediate supervisor or management In the event of a natural disaster In the event of a major catastrophe affecting a SanGrafix facility, immediately notify the managerial department Notify Regional Technical Manager of pending event, Transfer portable generators with fuel within 100 miles. Deploy support personnel, tower crews, and engineering within 100 miles. Thing you require for the deploy plan Create an image of the system and files Back up critical system elements Verify backup generator fuel status and operation Create backups of e-mail, file servers, etc. Fuel vehicles and emergency trailers In the event of a fire In the event of fire or smoke in any of the facilities, the guidelines are provided below that should be followed: If fire or smoke is present in the facility, evaluate the situation and determine the severity, categorize the fire as Major or Minor and take the appropriate action as defined in this section. Call 911 as soon as possible if the situation warrants it. Persons need to attempt to put out minor fires (e.g., single hardware component or paper fires) by making use of hand-held fire extinguishers located all through the facility. Any other fire or smoke situation will be handled by experienced building workers until the local fire department arrives. In case of a major fire, call 911 and immediately and leave the area. In case of any emergency situation, system site security and individual safety are the major things to consider. In case of a major catastrophe affecting the facility, notify the Regional Technical Manager immediately.(Business Continuity Plan). In the event of a network services provider outage Procedure If outage will be greater than half hour, direct all calls via microwave or other service to alternate location in Sunnydale. If outage is major and in case all networks are down and downtime will be greater than 12 hours, organize satellite equipment, if available. In the event of a hack attempt to the system Shut down all the system to avoid any loss and contact headquarters. Notification of incident affecting the site On-duty personnel responsibilities In office hours: Upon observation or notification of a potentially serious situation use proper evacuation methods and notify the Location Response Coordinator. If out of hours: Technical Services providers should contact the Location Response Coordinator (Shinder, 2017). Inform team members of decision If a disaster is not declared, the team of location response will continue to address as well as manage the situation and will provide regular updates to EMT. the EMT. If a disaster is declared, the Location Response Coordinator will notify the Incident Response Team members immediately for deployment. Declare a disaster if the situation cannot be fixed within the predefined time frames. The authorized person will declare a disaster and a backup is vital who is also authorized or declaring a disaster if primary person is not available. Operations recovered Assuming all related operations have been recovered to an alternative site, and employees are supposed to support the operations, the company can announce that it is operating in a normal manner at the recovery location (Shinder, 2017). SanGrafix recovery teams Emergency management team (EMT) Responsibilities: Organization must be responsible for overall management of the disaster recovery effort, evaluation and determining disaster declaration, and communications with senior management They should evaluate which recovery actions should be invoked and activate the corresponding recovery teams. They should provide senior management with ongoing status information Acts as a communication channel to corporate teams and major customers Work with vendors and IRT to develop a rebuild/repair schedule Location Response Coordinator (LRC). Support activities: Notify the Incident Recovery Team Gather harm assessment info and report it to EMT à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Determine recovery wants. Command center and connected operations musts be established. Command center can be a organized meeting facility wherever EMT/LRT/IRT members meet to organize harm assessment and business recovery tasks for the affected operations. Notify all Team Leaders and advise them to activate their arrange (s) if applicable, primarily based upon the disaster scenario. If no disaster is asserted, then take applicable action to come to traditional operation victimization regular employees. Determine if vendors or different groups are required to help with elaborate harm assessment. †¢Prepare post-disaster interrogation report †¢Coordinate the event of website specific recovery plans and guarantee theyre updated semi-annually. Location Response Team (LRT) Charter: The Location Response Team (LRT) is accountable for the early alerting/notification of the issue to the LRC during normal business hours. In case of off hours, the LRT will be notified as well as LRC. In case of a disaster announcement, this team will become a part of the Incident Response Team. Support activities: Provide the subsequent data to the LRC within the event of Associate in Nursing outage: a. form of event b. Location of incidence c. Time of incidence Coordinate commencement of voice and knowledge communications: a. Work with management to re-route voice and knowledge lines, particularly once alternate Web site (s) or alternate work locations square measure predefined b. Recover voice mail and email correspondence systems once requested by EMT. c. Verify voice mail and email correspondence square measure operational at the alternate web site. d. Review the Minimum Acceptable Operational necessities list to confirm if enough resources square measure in situ to support operations Coordinate commencement of knowledge system operations: a. Recover important knowledge files and connected data once requested by EMT b. Make sure that network and perimeter security is re-established at alternate location c. Verify traditional, secure operation of systems and servers at alternate web site d. Review the SanGrafix Minimum Acceptable Operational necessities list to confirm if enough resources square measure in situ to support operations Business Continuity Sprint Business. (2017). Sprint Business. Retrieved 14 March 2017, from https://business.sprint.com/solutions/business-continuity/?ECID=sem%3Aggl%3A20170303%3ADWASearch%3ANB%3AB2B%3APhrase%3ABusinessContinuity Business Continuity Plan. Ready.Gov. Retrieved 14 March 2017, from https://www.ready.gov/sites/default/files/documents/files/BusinessContinuityPlan.pdf Shinder, D. (2017). 10 Things You Should Cover In Your Business Continuity Plan. TechRepublic. Retrieved from http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/10-things/10-things-you-should-cover-in-your-business-continuity-plan/

Global Warming Essay: The Kyoto Protocol :: Global Warming

Introduction From man’s basic understanding of existence, he acknowledges that his presence is but a fraction in time in relation to the longevity of the Earth’s existence. This attests to the time period in which the Earth functions. Man’s calculations of year to year changes in the Earth’s atmosphere are meager at best in determining the cycle for such an entity. Man’s oldest data dating back from ice core samples from Antarctica can not trace back further than a minute percent of the history of the billions of years that the Earth has existed. (Relatively) recently, Earth has endured "naturally occurring" Ice Ages, meteorological disasters, and the evolution of man and his technology. So the question is raised, is mankind bold in thinking that anything it does collectively will scar the Earth beyond repair? Man might change the Earth’s surface, man might obliterate his own existence, but man will not change the propensity for nature to allow the continuation of life. Debate on Global Warming So, what is man doing for mankind? There is a general concensus that one of the greatest dangers man is imposing upon himself is that of a global change in the atmosphere, causing the average temperature on Earth to increase. Before any discussion can begin on how to go about fixing the problem of global warming, it is improtant to point out that the problem is more basic than otherwise understood. The problem is not global waring, it is how to deal with the possible existance of global warming. First, let us consider the assumed temperature change. What real facts are we using to conclude that a global temperature increase is happening? Second, consider the possible reasons for a temperature change. Is man the only possibility? Third, assuming the chance for man to be the cause in a real global temperature average increase, is this a situation that we should try and label a problem? Is change always bad? The amount of data that is accessible and relavant to this this debate can be interpreted in a variety of different ways†¦ Go on and surf the World Wide Web. You may find convincing arguments on both sides, but that is just it, they are arguments. Models have been constructed, theories have made predictions, and more. What do we know? We know that the evidence is inconclusive and more research should be done. Explorations on the corrolation between fluctuations in solar activity and Earth’s temperature changes should be furthur endeavored, expirimentation with simulated Earthly atmospheres should be enhanced, and U.

Training and Developing Employees

Training and Developing Employees Multiple Choice: 1. Once employees have been recruited and selected, the next step would be: a. discipline and counseling. b. orientation and training. c. hiring and firing. d. socialization. 3. The ongoing process of instilling in all employees the prevailing attitudes, standards, values, and patterns of behavior that are expected by the organization and its departments is: a. values projection. b. orientation. c. socialization. d. diversity training. 5. There is the real possibility that courts will find that an employee's handbook contents represent a/an: a. alsified document. b. contract with the employee. c. incomplete document. d. vague document. 7. Training of a long-term nature that has the development of current or future management employees as its aim is usually referred to as: a. management evaluation. b. management development. c. management games. d. management case studies. 8. In order for firms to stay competitive when training and de velopment objectives change, they have to adapt by performing the following changes, except: a. improving product quality. b. boosting productivity. c. hanging technology. d. increasing employee turnover. 15. The first step in a training program is to conduct: a. training evaluation. b. training needs analysis. c. on-the-job training. d. job instruction training. 17. A technique for appraising the performance of current employees to determine whether training could reduce performance problems like excess scrap or low output is: a. task analysis. b. performance analysis. c. training analysis. d. motivation analysis. 22. The bottom line that should result from determining training needs is: a. xcellent job performance. b. performance analysis. c. task analysis. d. measurable training objectives. 25. A structured process by which individuals become skilled workers through a combination of classroom instruction and on-the-job training is referred to as: a. job instruction training. b. a pprenticeship training. c. vestibule training. d. computerized training. 32. A training technique in which trainees learn on the actual or simulated equipment they will use on the job, but in which the trainees are actually trained off the job, is: a. n-the-job training. b. off-the-job training. c. simulated training. d. actual training. 37. With a workforce that is becoming increasingly assorted, many more firms find they must implement: a. teamwork training programs. b. diversity training programs. c. value training programs. d. experimentation training programs. 39. The following are aims of the management development process, except: a. assessing the company's needs. b. appraising the manager's performance. c. developing the managers themselves. d. enhancing the industry's performance. 1. A management training technique that involves moving a trainee from department to department in order to broaden his/her experience and identify strong and weak points is called: a. global rota tion. b. action learning. c. job enrichment. d. job rotation. 43. In this management training technique, the trainee works directly with the person that he/she is to replace. What is this technique called? a. Replacement approach b. Coaching/understudy approach c. Succession planning d. Direct replacement approach 46.An off-the-job management development technique that involves presenting a trainee with a written description of an organizational problem is called a(n): a. action learning program. b. case study method. c. management game. d. coaching/understudy approach. 47. The following are features in the case study method, except: a. faculty providing the correct answer so students understand the case. b. the use of actual organizational problems. c. participants stating their views and inquiring into others' views. d. a minimal involvement by the faculty member. 3. A prospective division manager with a gap in experience with financial controls might sign up for a two-course sequ ence in: a. production control. b. managerial accounting. c. operational processes. d. managerial control. 55. A training program in which trainees are first shown good management techniques (in a film), are then asked to play roles in a simulated situation and are given feedback and praise by their supervisor is called: a. behavior modeling. b. role-playing. c. good example training. d. case study method. 58.Some employers have in-house development centers for managers and employees that would include the following, except: a. classroom learning. b. in-basket exercises. c. job analysis programs. d. role-playing. 61. An organizational development method that involves surveying employees' attitudes and providing feedback to departmental managers so that problems can be solved by the managers and employees is called: a. questionnaire analysis. b. diary logs. c. survey feedback. d. sensitivity training. Essay: 1New employee orientation has been shown to have measurable and positive eff ects on employee retention and satisfaction.In spite of this, many organizations do not have a formalized orientation process, and each employee gets a different orientation to the organization. Explain why you believe organizations do this. Outline how you would, as a new HR manager, convince management to implement new employee orientations. 2. The book listed a number of management development techniques. Which one do you believe is the most effective? Defend this choice and contrast it with at least three other techniques. Answers 1. b 3. c 5. b 7. b 8. d 15. b 17. b 22. d 25. b 32. c 37. b 39. d 41. d 43. b 46. b 47. a 53. b 58. c 61. c

Read and Understand Measurements in House Plans

Read and Understand Measurements in House Plans Its easy to purchase house plans from a website or house plan catalog, but they hardly ever come with directions for reading floor plans. What are you buying? Will the completed house measure up to your expectations? The following hints come from an architect who designs luxury house plans and custom homes. He wants you to know about measuring. - ed. Key Facts About Measuring area: measured in square feet (or square meters), the rectangular length times the width; the area of a triangle is one-half the base times the heightvolume: the length times the width times the heightarea of a composite: for an irregularly shaped room, divide the room into regular shapes (rectangles and triangles) and sum the areasgross area: measured from the exterior wall foundation, so the area includes wall thicknessnet area: measured from interior walls; area of the living spacearchitect scale: a three-sided measuring device with six measuring edges (described as prism-shaped), similar to a ruler, but used to interpret the true size of a line drawn to scale on a floor plan or blueprint Size Up Your House Plan When you compare house plans, one of the more important characteristics you’ll consider is the area of the floor plan - the size of the plan - measured in square feet or square meters. Heres a little secret. Square feet and square meters are not measured the same on every house plan. Any two house plans that appear to be of equal area may not really be. Does this make much difference when you’re choosing a plan? You bet it does! On a 3,000 square foot plan, a difference of only 10 percent might unexpectedly cost you tens of thousands of dollars. Question the Measurements Builders, architects, real estate professionals, bankers, auditors, and appraisers often report room sizes differently to better suit their particular needs. House plan services also vary in their area-calculation protocols. In order to compare floor plan areas accurately, you’ve got to be sure that the areas are counted the same. Generally, builders and real estate professionals want to show that a house is as big as possible. Their goal is to quote a lower cost per square foot or square meter so that the house will appear more valuable. In contrast, appraisers, assessors, and county auditors usually measure the perimeter of the house - a typically very rough way to calculate area - and call it a day. Architects break the size down into components: first floor, second floor, porches, finished lower level, etc. To arrive at an apples-to-apples comparison of house areas you’ve got to know what’s included in the totals. Does the area include only heated and cooled spaces? Does it include everything under roof? Even garages? What about closets? Or do the measurements include only living space? Ask How Rooms Are Measured But even when you’ve discovered exactly what spaces are included in the area calculation youll need to know how volume is counted, and whether the total reflects the net or the gross square footage (or square meters). Gross area is the total of everything within the outer edge of the perimeter of the house. Net area is that same total - less the thicknesses of walls. In other words, net square footage is the part of the floor that you can walk on. Gross includes the parts you can’t walk on. The difference between net and gross can be as much as 10 percent - depending on the type of floor plan design. A traditional plan (with more distinct rooms and therefore more walls) might have 10 percent net-to-gross ratio, while a contemporary plan may have only six or seven percent. Likewise, larger homes tend to have more walls - because larger homes generally have more rooms, rather than simply larger rooms. Youll probably never see the volume of a house plan listed on a house plan website, but the number representing the area of a floor plan often depends on how the volume is counted. Typically, the upper area of two-story rooms (foyers, family rooms) isnt counted as part of the floor plan. Likewise, stairs are only counted once. But not always. Check how volume is counted to be sure you know how big the plan really is. Plan services that design their own plans will have a consistent policy on area (and volume), but services that sell plans on consignment probably dont. How does the designer or plan service calculate the size of the plan? Sometimes that information is found on the services website or book, and sometimes you have to call to find out. But you should most definitely find out. Knowing how area and volume are measured can make a very big difference in the cost of the house you ultimately build. Conclusions Leave the Building to Builders. Damian Gillie/Construction Photography/Avalon/Getty Images The guest writer, Richard Taylor of RTA Studio, is an Ohio-based residential architect who creates luxury house plans and designs custom homes and interiors. Taylor spent eight years designing and renovating homes in German Village, an historic district in Columbus, Ohio. He has also designed custom homes in North Carolina, Virginia, and Arizona. He holds a B.Arch. (1983) from Miami University and is an active blog writer on social media. Taylor says: I believe that above all, a home should create a quality living experience as unique as the people that live in it, shaped by the owners heart, and by his image of home - thats the essence of custom design. Construction designs can get complicated, so let your building crew decipher the symbols the way they are trained to do. A couple of things for the homeowner to keep an eye on include the orientation of the building on the lot (where is south and the sun? where are the doors and windows?), the HVAC symbols (where is the ductwork?), and for future reference its good to know where your load-bearing walls will be located. And how big will your new house measure out to be? According to the U.S. Census Bureau Survey of Construction, the average new single-family American house was 2,392 square feet in 2010 and in 1973 it was 1,660 square feet. A small home is considered 1,000 to 1,500 square feet. And tiny homes? Could you live in less than 500 square feet? Thats the plan!

Plea Bargains Essay Example

Plea Bargains Essay Example Plea Bargains Paper Plea Bargains Paper Plea-bargaining can mean many things to many people, in and out of the courtroom. Let us first start by defining plea bargain. Plea bargain is defined an agreement in which the defendant enters a guilty plea in exchange for a reduced sentence. This is the technical meaning, but as I stated before, the word plea bargain can mean very different things to very different people. To the accused, the word plea bargain means a freedom of choice. To the prosecutor, it means a lesser workload. To the Judge, it means saving his time and the courts time, and to the state, a plea bargain means saving money. In my perception, the word plea bargain means a failure of the American trial system. The Constitution grants us, the citizens of this country, a right to speedy trial by jury of our peers. Where exactly do you see that right, which is rightfully ours, in plea bargains? How can our trial and court system not bestow the punishment that fits the crime? When we give the accused freedom of choice, isn’t that an oxymoron? The only effectiveness I can see in the court system plea bargains is that solely the courts are benefitting from them. The courts save time, money and the prosecutors save themselves from a huge workload. Plea bargains have no effectiveness on the justice. How are the victims given justice if the accused gets a far lesser sentence and punishment than is fairly just? How can the accused learn their lesson when they have the freedom to choose a lesser punishment? How does the public perceive our trial system as fair and just when plea bargains are being over used to save time and money? Plea bargaining is not a useful tool. The court systems, in order to save themselves from a trial, â€Å"†¦forces the party into a situation where they have to take a guess about what the evidence is, about how strong the case might be, and they have to make that guess against the background of enormously severe penalties if you guess wrong. † (Schulhofer, 2004) Even though defendants are innocent, they do not know if they will be proved innocent or guilty without a reasonable doubt when in front of a jury. They are pressured into taking a guilty plea because they cannot afford the risk of going to trial. The court systems are unable to sort out the guilty people from the innocent and that is the main reason this system of plea bargaining is not a useful tool to the courts, the public, the defendants and the victims. The word plea bargain may mean many different things to many different people but what we must understand is that plea bargain has many more cons than pros for both the faith of the people in the criminal justice system as well as the victims. Our justice system should be fair and just for all but all it seems to do is save time and money for the state and put many innocent people in jail and give the freedom of choice. It is time to change our trial and court systems to reflect what our founding fathers initially desired from it, the right to a speedy trial from our jury of peers, because the only people plea bargains benefit are the GUILTY! Schulhofer, S. (2004, June 17). Frontline. Retrieved October 22, 2010 from PBS: pbs. org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/plea/faqs/ Seiter, R. P. (2008). The Role of Plea Bargaining and Sentencing. In R. P. Seiter, Corrections An Introduction 2nd Edition (pp. 47-48). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Museum report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Museum report - Essay Example I was impressed by different kinds of art including paintings and carvings. However, this report specifically puts more emphasis on the ‘Netsuke carvings’. The carving is about the ancient Japanese clothing where, Kimono (a Japanese garment without pockets). I was amused on how tiny personal effects like small knives were tucked into the garment’s sleeves which is made to slip below sash (obi), or kept in some hanging vessels called sagemono. It was amazing how ‘netsuke’, which sounds ‘nets-keh’, were incorporated as toggles in the garments to ensure the vessels carrying the personal effects was balanced. I learnt the ancient Japanese valued tobacco as the pouches were also part of the garment. The carvings were accurate, smooth, and all details were clearly portrayed. For instance, one could easily perceive that the hanging containers were balanced. Some objects made of wood or coral and looking like animals were kept together with the g arment carvings. I learnt that the animal carvings portrayed the initial garments shapes before netsuke. Japanese civilization is the act of the ancient Japanese leaving their traditional ways of life in terms of education, clothing, and socioeconomic activities to adopt the western kind of living. This began in the 19th century where foreigners were allowed to move to Japan to do some trade, during which the ancient Japan was under the leadership of Tokugawa Ieyasu. The western rulers forced the Japanese to enter into agreement that granted them more powers in terms of economy and law. Since all foreign offences were to be tried in the western counties, it limited the powers of the Japanese. The Japanese adopted the western political systems where the emperor never ruled alone but accepted opinions or advice from other groups. In the ancient rule, the emperor gave direct unquestionable orders. Uniting armies from different domains and having a common training also

Case study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Case study - Research Paper Example The attending physician decided to put her to sleep by administering sedative. Not wanting to give sedative for fears of developing addiction, the doctor advised Angel’s parents to consult a psychologist. During the talk with the psychologist, the couple narrated that their daughter only manifested this reaction once, a day after they came back from the hospital because Angel was confined when she sprained her left ankle due to a biking accident. The couple also reported that their daughter had previous episodes of being tachypnic upon the sight of injection and fainting shortly afterwards, even after the administration of shot. The couple thought these were because of Angel’s diabetes, and did not pay any attention to them. Because of Angel’s young age, the pain might be the major contributing and the primary factor for her trypanophobia (Deacon and Abramowitz, 2006). However, the fear of fainting might have exacerbated the condition, and may have made the fear of needles more life-threatening (Du et al., 2008). Because of this, it is the fear of pain that should be important to be addressed first. Angel might have been classically conditioned of experiencing pain with her every injection. The classical conditioning theory suggests that the fear of needles is actually a protective response against pain. In this scenario, the elicited response is fear. The unconditioned stimulus causing fear is when Angel feels pain, and the conditioned stimulus is the sight of syringes. Thus, after classical conditioning, Angel already associates pain with the syringes, and thus fears seeing syringes already (Scott, 2009). To reverse the fear brought about by classical conditioning, a classical extinction should be performed. In this method, the unconditioned stimulus, which is pain, should be unlinked to the sight of the syringes. This can be performed by vicarious learning approach, in which Angel will learn not to fear the syringe by looking at

Strategic Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

Strategic Marketing - Essay Example In the race to capture the lead in India for the most popular sportswear, Reebok has created the strongest showing in the market using their popularity to create new avenues of profit. Critically evaluate the strategic role of a sportswear manufacturer marketing function in achieving competitive advantage for the organisation. Support your answer with examples from the Reebok vs Nike case study. Nike and Reebok have entered into the sportswear manufacturing market through creating strong, identifiable brands that promote more than just the goods that they sell. Through powerful branding and globalization of their brand, they have made a mark on the industry as representative of lifestyles that include health and athletics. While both brands are distinctive, the Nike name and the iconic swoosh has outdistanced its competitors in recognizability. Through branding that creates attractive lifestyles, both brands have made their mark in the sportswear manufacturing industry. Nike’s most powerful advertising weapon is its brand. The Nike swoosh is a powerful pop culture icon. Slaughter and Rhodes suggest that â€Å"the effect of contemporary branding strategies is to push the ’host’ or sponsored culture into the background so that the brand emerges as the ’star’ (Slaughter and Rhoades, 2004, p. 261). In order to support the brand, the swoosh is on every piece of product that is put out into the market. The founder of Nike, Phil Knight, suggested that it wasn’t the mission of Nike to sell shoes, but to make peoples lives better through sports and fitness. The image became so powerful that by the decade of the 90‘s the name of the company was no longer needed in order to create recognition (Slaughter and Rhoades, 2004, p. 261). Nike has had some problems with proven claims of human rights violations in the factories that are subcontracted to produce their product. At the height of this, the Nike company decided to get ri d of the swoosh in order to allay the associations that the public was making to their problems in social responsibility issues. However, as Le Pla (2002) suggests â€Å"Changing an image in response to criticism makes sense. Dropping or reducing the visibility of a highly successful association does not† (p. 49). The brand icon has such a high recognition rate that it is foolish to abandon the brand icon, but to repair the image of the brand so that the associations are sanitized. In conjunction with their high visibility in branding, phrases have been associated with Nike in promoting their belief that every person is an athlete, therefore every person has the potential to be a consumer of their goods. A simple, yet powerful message was erected within the Nike mythology when the â€Å"Just Do It† campaign created a concept of the power of the athlete within everyone. The phrase suggested that no excuses would be allowed, that all goals should be achieved. The stateme nt had the power of a command, bringing an association of power to the athletic wear. The advertising premise, according to Nike, was â€Å" If you have a body, you are an athlete† (Nikeid 2011). The target audience for the Nike marketing concept is everyone without regard to age, health level, body shape, or sex. The original market was geared towards young athletes, but in this age the marketing has been

Changes in the Marketing Environment Essay Example for Free

Changes in the Marketing Environment Essay In recent times, from an economic environment perspective, people are getting more affluent, even in third world countries like Vietnam, the younger generation are more interested in spending on the latest fashion and gadgets, like iPods. Phone marketers might want to include phone designs which allow for self-expression, hence catering to the younger people seeking to carve out their own identity. For example, young girls in Japan like to stick many shiny crystals on their phones as they see it as a form of beautiful art. Phone marketers can cash in on this growing trend by offering phones which have suitable surfaces for crystal gluing, and they might want to also consider having a tie-up with a suitable bead company in order to have a package selling the crystals together with the phones. An important marketing strategy in catering to the changing political environment would be cause-marketing. It is by cause-marketing that phone marketers can reassure the public that they are socially responsible, even in the midst of increasing unethical behaviour existing in society. Cause marketing might be the determining factor which might set a phone or a brand of phones apart, especially if customers have the same perception of 2 brands of phones and are undecided which to choose. Phone marketers can follow Motorola’s lead whereby they produced a red â€Å"razr† phone to promote awareness of aids, which was highly successful. Another important marketing strategy is for the marketer to observe the changing demographic forces and decide which target group they can focus on in order to make the most profits. Quite a few countries in the world are facing an aging population, like Japan, China and Singapore. This might be a good target market to go into, by manufacturing phones which are suited for older people like by having larger screens and more user-friendly buttons. Technological forces are constantly changing, and a good marketer would be able to foresee what kinds of functions people might want in their phones. Marketers might want to research about what form of entertainment is capturing people and cater to these needs. Sony Ericsson realised that music was slowly becoming an integral part of people’s lives, no matter what age and produced the walkman phone series which was highly popular. The path to success and its maintenance depends very much on a phone marketer’s resellers and suppliers, hence phone marketers should engage in tie-ups with them both. A phone marketer’s resellers normally consist of telecommunications companies.  Marketers can offer to sell their phones at a lower price to these companies, and in exchange, persuade them to offer more attractive or cheaper line subscription packages when customers purchase the phones of the marketers’. Marketers should constantly source for more efficient and cheaper suppliers and sign a long-term contract with them. Marketers might also want to consider suppliers based in China or India, as labour in such countries is known to be one of the cheapest, yet efficient, in the world. Lastly, marketers should always keep an eye out for competition and continually check on other phone marketers’ strategies and phone pricing. Marketers should also be aware that competition not only lies with other phone marketers, but in any company that has to do with providing entertainment or convenience to people. For example, Apple is not a phone manufacturer, but it is beginning to slowly capture the phone market due to its iPhone. Phone marketers might want to produce phones which have the capability to rival such phones, or if they are unable to do so run a major advertisement campaign to promote their phones against other rival phones, so as to hopefully mould the public’s thinking into their liking. Alternatively, phone marketers can also liaise with major entertainment companies like Apple or Creative to work together to produce quality phones or gadgets to capture a major share of the phone market.

Rationale About Job Satisfaction

Rationale About Job Satisfaction Job satisfaction is an attitude people have about their jobs and it results from their perception of their jobs and the degree to which there is a good fit between the individual and organization. Job satisfaction has been influenced by many intervening variables, such as the rewards that an employee receives.  [1]  It has been said that job satisfaction has been related to many kinds of variables. It is a variable that is commonly influenced or commonly related to many variables that the other variable will be affected because of job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is the degree to which an individual feels positively or negatively about various aspects of the job.  [2]  The satisfaction of an individual in a job is either positive or negative; it depends upon the establishment that he/she is working with if they are offering more, enough, or less elements of satisfaction to their employees. Closely related to job satisfaction is the organizational commitment which is defined as the loyalty of an individual to the organization.  [3]  It has been overlooked that someone who sets his loyalty high to his organization would strongly take pride in considering himself a part of the organization. Employees of top corporations in the Philippines display the highest level of commitment and focus among workers surveyed across the Asia Pacific region, according to a study by global consultancy firm Watson Wyatt, the employees engagement score for the Philippines stood at 77%, up by four percentages from the previous survey in 2007.  [4]  It has been observed that the Philippine loyalty factor or the motivation of the employees towards the success of the company is very strong in which the rating has been said very high among other countries in Asia. Organizational commitment or Employee loyalty is very important in a company because employees who show loyalty will be able to encourage customers to feel loyal towards the company.  [5]   The University of the Philippines conducted a study on the loyalty of employees and the study shows that only 21% of Filipino employees feel fully committed to their employers and only 12% agree that their employers are fully committed to them.  [6]  Researchers have said that the level of commitment of the employees has something to do with the level of job satisfaction that the employees are experiencing. The researcher has chosen to study this issue because she personally experienced the 2 variables which are Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in one famous establishment in which her co-employees job satisfaction are low, and there is a high turnover ratio happening in this establishment. The researcher as a worker of the said company also has experienced low job satisfaction which leads her to low organizational commitment. The researcher is interested in this topic so that managers/employers would know and understand that high turnover ratio and the trainings as well as the seminars that they are given to the newly hired workers costs high and useless if the employee will only spend 1 month to work and leave the company. Aside from that, if they will continue to dissatisfy their employees, the word of mouth is a virus that easily spread from one person to another person. Especially if you are a 5 star hotel, you must ensure that every word of mouth that comes from each individual, may it be employees or guest are positive because if its negative, it may deteriorate their good name. Employees will not consider themselves as a member of the organization and the services given by the employees to the guests may not be good enough to increase or maintain customer loyalty. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The researcher attempts to answer the following question: Is there a significant relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment among hotel employees in Tacloban City? STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESES Alternative Hypothesis There is a significant relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY It is significant to study whether employees are satisfied or dissatisfied, committed or not committed in their job because it has been proven that employees who are much more satisfied will more likely to show positive thoughts, feelings, and actions towards their job and it would increase their organizational commitment. It is also important to study the relationship between Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment because this may bring a huge benefit equally to employers and employees. Human Resource Management would be able to understand that the costs of hiring and training new workers are high. Therefore, the employers should try to treasure unchanging workforce, which also helps to lessen the risks of deterioration in services offered to customers. An employee who is committed with the organization may take pride in considering himself a member and would positively persuade the consumers to patronize the products/services offered by a company. Since satisfaction increas es commitment to organizational success, and if this satisfaction would be given from employers to workers, a lot of good factors such as good supervision by supervisors, good working conditions, good interpersonal relations, better policies and administration, better pay and security, challenging work, achievement, recognition, growth and development can benefit employees. If this study shows that job satisfaction and organizational commitment are correlated, employers would only need to increase one variable and that is job satisfaction to achieve the affirmative organizational commitment of workers. CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY This chapter contains the discussion on the methods and procedures used in the study. It includes research design, locale of the study, respondents of the study, research instrument, data gathering and statistical measures used in hypothesis testing with their corresponding formulas and assessment scales. The purpose of the research work was primarily to assess with utmost objectivity. Any relevant data will be useful for the derivation of accurate insight. RESEARCH DESIGN This study is a descriptive research method using a questionnaire as the principal instrument in gathering data where there will be a real investigation on the job satisfaction and organizational commitment as evaluated by the employees. The answers will be tallied in order to measure/ quantify the 2 variables. LOCALE OF THE STUDY The study will be conducted within the City of Tacloban. The researcher would like to include Magsaysay and Paterno Street as the locale of the study. It was limited to the investigation on the job satisfaction and organizational commitment among hotel employees in Tacloban City. RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY AND RANDOM SAMPLING The respondents of this study were the employees of different hotels who are presently working here in Tacloban City. Leyte Park Resort Hotel has a total population of more or less 70 but only 20 out of 70 are the respondents who participated the survey. Royal Suite Hotel has a total of 7 and Primrose Hotel has a total of 4 populations. So the researcher has decided to take 100% from the total population to be used for the sample. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT A set of survey questionnaire carefully prepared and will be distributed to the respondents for the purpose of gathering the necessary data. The questionnaire measures on the significant relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The researcher has found numerous questionnaires regarding job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Of all the questionnaires, the researcher has chosen to use the test for job satisfaction that is based on the research carried out by Cooper and the researcher has chosen to use the research study carried out by the student of Professor S. Cote and Professor P. Heslin for organizational commitment. In order to determine whether the questionnaires were correct and valid, the questionnaires were submitted to the instructor for verifications, corrections and improvements. The research instrument is composed of 2 sets, the Questionnaire 1 and Questionnaire 2 which both gather information to employees. It can be answered by putting an (x) mark in the appropriate parenthesis. Questionnaire 1 includes questions on the job satisfaction of hotel employees such as the job itself, inter-personal relationship, organization itself, personal growth and the quantity of work. Answers scoring is as follows: Excellent 5 points Very Good 4 points Satisfactory 3 points Below Ave. 2 points Poor 1 point Interpretation of data would be this way: the higher the score is, the better is the job satisfaction. Questionnaire 2 generally includes questions about the level of commitment of employees to their company as a whole. Answers scoring is as follows: Always 5 points Often 4 points Sometimes 3 points Seldom 2 points Never 1 point Interpretation of gathered data in questionnaire 2 would be this way: the higher the score is, the better is the organizational commitment will be. DATA GATHERING The researcher will gather her data by first, giving a letter of request asking permission to the hotel manager to include their company in her research. She has spoken to a variety of persons with different positions to allow her to conduct a survey in their establishment. These persons were Ms. Anafe C. Harina, front desk agent of Asia Stars Hotel, Ms. Jedah Vivas, accounting officer of Leyte Park Hotel, Mr. Julius, front desk agent of Hotel Alejandro, Ms. Jasmin V. Ron, front desk agent of Royal Suite Hotel, Ms. Rebecca Villanueva a front desk clerk in Primrose Hotel, and to Ms. Pearlie Corneso, a front desk agent of Manhattan Inn. Second, if ever approved, the researcher will distribute 2 sets of survey questionnaires which both are for their employees. These questionnaires tackle particularly on the job satisfaction and organizational commitment and it can be evaluated by simply taking the score of each number according to weights and add the total score over the total number of weights. Below half of the total score would mean low. Mr. Cooper and Professor S. Cote and Heslins student had contributed a big help to the researcher because she was able to borrow their questionnaires to conduct a survey and gather data. Out of 6 hotels that the researcher has talked with, only Ms. Jedah Vivas, accounting officer of Leyte Park Hotel, Ms. Rebecca Villanueva a front desk clerk and Ms. Jasmin V. Ron a front desk agent with the approval of his manager Mr. Roy Salinas are those who had confirmed and assisted her to gather the necessary data. STATISTICAL TREATMENT With the purpose of identifying the relationship between the job satisfaction and organizational commitment among hotel employees in Tacloban City, the responses will be tallied, classified and tabulated in appropriate table for analysis and a pie graph will be used for interpretation. To describe the profile of the respondents in terms of job satisfaction and organizational commitment, descriptive statistics particularly percentages will be employed. Null Alternative Hypothesis There is no significant relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The Pearson Product Correlation Coefficient (Pearson r) This was used to test the significant relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Formula: N (ÃŽÂ £XY) (ÃŽÂ £X) (ÃŽÂ £Y) r = _________________________________ ____________________________ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ [NÃŽÂ £X ² (ÃŽÂ £X)  ²] [NÃŽÂ £Y ² (ÃŽÂ £Y)  ²] Where: N = total number of respondents ÃŽÂ £XY = is the summation of product X and Y ÃŽÂ £X = is the summation of the independent variable ÃŽÂ £X ² = is the summation of the square of X ÃŽÂ £Y = is the summation of the dependent variable ÃŽÂ £Y ² = is the summation of the square of Y Verbal descriptions of computed coefficients of correlations are as follows: Value Percentage Interpretation r Degree of relationship 0.0 to  ± 0.20 0% 20% Negligible Correlation  ± 0.21 to  ± 0.40 21% 40% Low or Slight Correlation  ± 0.41 to  ± 0.70 41% 70% Moderate Correlation  ± 0.71 to  ± 0.90 71% 90% High Correlation  ± 0.91 to  ± 0.99 91% 99% Very High Correlation  ± 1.00 100% Perfect Correlation

Jazz historiography Essay -- American Culture, Music

The rapid development of jazz in both the United States and Europe generated a number of diverse musical expressions, including musics that most listeners today would not recognize as â€Å"jazz† music. In order to remedy this situation, jazz musicians and critics after 1930 began to codify what â€Å"real† jazz encompassed, and more importantly, what â€Å"real† jazz did not encompass. This construction of authenticity, often demarcated along racial lines, served to relegate several artists and styles (those outside a â€Å"mainstream† to the margins of historiography. The issue of race is central to all discourses of jazz. Alongside race goes the problem of representation, or, who gets to play what for whom and under what circumstance. Problems of representation abound from the beginning of jazz history, usually centered on white representation of black music and culture from a negative vantage point. Iconic examples of this phenomenon include the 1917 release of Livery Stable Blues by the Original Dixieland Jazz Band and Paul Whiteman‘s 1924 Aeolian Hall concert. The ODJB‘s recording was the first jazz record and the first representation of jazz to the majority of Americans, both black and white. Whiteman’s concert was invested in representing jazz to white Americans, showing how it had progressed from its primitive black beginnings to a more sophisticated style rooted in the fundamentals of European practice. Indeed, ideas of creation and control in jazz have usually been drawn along racial lines: black as creator, white as curator. In this mode of racial understanding in jazz, white jazz fans and musicians supposedly lack an essential â€Å"something† that makes them unable to innovate in jazz. Conversely, black musicians, while highly c... ... of which modern jazz big band dance music (for example, the Fletcher Henderson, Duke Ellington and Count Basie Orchestras), bebop, and later Free Jazz- emerged. Modern jazz, and particularly bebop, because of its hybrid nature has presented cultural critics, and especially critics of music, with a set of unresolvable issues. The music itself embodies contradiction. It can accurately be called both popular and high culture; it has an oral, vernacular lineage and one related to more innovative compositional techniques; it is Afro-American and European, romantic and revolutionary; and it has both escapist (ie, Sun Ra and late-era John Coltrane) and resistant (ie. Archie Shepp, Ornette Coleman) tendencies. As a result, jazz has become one of the most highly discusses and debated modern musical forms with controversial discourse surrounding its development.